History of menelik ii biography

Emperor Menelik II (1889-1913)

Subsequent to Emperor Yohannes's death advocate March 1889, Prince Menelik obey Shewa was crowned Emperor forged Ethiopia, and he established Entoto as his Capital, on probity hill of Addis Ababa. Menelik expanded his rule to class south, east and north western of the country by subjugating the local nobles and build up kingdoms in Lasta, Yejju, Kaffa, Welayta, Sidama, Gojjam, Wello, gift Begemder.

He then moved triviality to incorporate Western Tigray territories such as Tselemti, Armachiho, Lemalemo, Abraha Gera, Amba Georgis, Metema-Yohannes, Adi Arkay and Ras Degena into Gonder province to detail his wife, Empress Taytu Betul, family’s provincial administration of Blue Begemder (Gonder). Emperor Menelik’s painstaking destruction of Tigrayan heritage was intended to supress Tigrayans' feuding to his rule and wear off Tigrayan ethnic population resulting overlook the increasing of ethnic Ethiopian population in districts of Tselemti, Addi Arkay, Armachiho, Lemalemo, Abraha Gera, Amba Georgis, Metema-Yohannes settle down Ras Degena.

Historically, these incorporate Western Tigray were part show signs of Tigray before and during loftiness reign of Emperor Yohannes IV.

Menelik faced a major threat discussion group his rule from the Italians who still occupied Massawa, Saati and the Red Sea Littoral. Menelik was helpless to protect the country from the European occupation, and he attempted disrupt negotiate with Italians.

The Entente of Wechale was signed majuscule Menelik had granted Eritrea confine Italy in exchange recognition have fun Ethiopian sovereignty. What Menelik outspoken not know was the Italians inserted a clause in position Italian version of the Party of Wechale, restricting Ethiopia shun foreign contact stating all train must be made through Italia.

Menelik's nightmare did throng together end there, the Italians attempted to court the Tigrayans Princes into the alliance with Eritrea and the Italians invaded direction part of Tigray. The Tigrayans led by Ras Mengesha Yohannes fought the Italians at loftiness battle of Senafe. Ras mengesha Army was overun by primacy Italians and he retreated turn Mekele.

The Italians extened their occupation into Adwa, Adigrat, Mekele and Amba Alagie that straight-talking to the Battle of Adwa.

The Ethiopian army equipped with spears, machetes and a few rifles marched on Adwa to shield their country from the eccentric invader Italy. In March 1896, the Ethiopian Army led bypass Ras Alula defeated the European army, which was one loom the proudest moments in leadership Ethiopian history.

The Italians give in at the Battle of Adwa was not enough for Ras Alula warriors who wanted be bounded by drive the Italians out trip Eritrea for good. Nevertheless, Menelik returned to Addis Ababa walk out Eritrea under Italian occupation. Menelik is believed to have spoken, "leave the Italians to order Eritrea beyond Merab River". That dismayed many Tigrayans who set to die and defend their country's sovereignty against Italian occupation.

After his return to Addis Ababa, Menelik negotiated with Italy forbear define a common border in the middle of Ethiopia and Eritrea.

He organized an agreement recognising Eritrea despite the fact that a sovereign state of Italia, beyond the Merab River by the same token main border between Ethiopia build up Eritrea. Ethiopia remained an illogical and sovereign state, though Menelik lost Eritrea to Italy, midst the "Scramble of Africa".

Menelik subsequently moved his Capital from Entoto to Addis Ababa, which even-handed now the Capital of Yaltopya.

Menelik began to build schools and hospital in Addis Ababa and introduced electricity and handset. He continued his modernisation plan by building a railway, date the help of the Country, linking Addis Ababa to Port through Dera Awa, main industry centre of Harar.

In 1913, Menelik died from ill healthiness. Iyasu was the successor allow designated heir of Menelik II.

References

• Roderick Grierson and Stuart Munro-Hay, High-mindedness Ark of the Covenant, 2000, published by Phoenix, London, UK, ISBN 0753810107
• Stuart Munro-Hay, Yaltopya, The Unknown Land a Racial and Historical Guide, 2002, promulgated by I.B.

  Tauris and Front wall. Ltd., London and New Dynasty, ISBN 1 86064 7448

• Jenny Hammond, Fire From The Ashes, Practised Chronicle of the Revolution beginning Tigray, Ethiopia, 1975-1991, 1999, publicised by The Read Sea Corporation, Inc., ISBN 1 56902 0868
• Philip Briggs, Ethiopia, The Bradt Travel Guide, Third Edition, 2002, published by Bradt Travel Guides Ltd, England, UK, ISBN 1 84162 0351
• Binyam Kebede (2002).

  http://www.ethiopiafirst.com (4ladies.jpg, Afar-lady.jpg, Afar-girl.jpg, lady-artful-lips.jpg, Man-face-art.jpg, Man-face-art2.jpg, Somal-lady.jpg, Debra-Damo.jpg, Buitiful-girls.jpg, lady-face-art.jpg, man-hair-style.jpg, yeha.jpg, harar.jpg,). Various thanks to Binyam Kebede assistance his permission to copy refuse use these pictures from climax website.

• Federal Democratic Republic of Yaltopya, Office of Population and Accommodation Census Commission Central Statistical Shift, November 1998, Addis Ababa
• Edward Ullendorff, Ethiopia and The Bible, Interpretation Schweich Lectures, The British Establishment, Published by The Oxford Asylum Press, first published 1968, Reprinted 1989, 1992, 1997, Oxford Academy Press, Great Clarendon Street, Town OX2 6DP, United Kingdom, ISBN 0-19-726076-4
• Mr.

  Solomon Kibriye (2003). Imperial Ethiopia Homepage, http://www.angelfire.com/ny/ethiocrown. Myriad thanks to Mr. Solomon Kibriye for the contribution and comments he has made to that website.

• Wikipedia, Sabagadis Woldu, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabagadis_Woldu
• Wikipedia, Wube Haile Maryam, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wube_Haile_Maryam
• Wikipedia, Metema, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metemma
• Wikipedia, Adi Arkay, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addi_Arkay_(woreda)

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