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The Reverend Martin Luther King Jr.
King fit into place 1964
In office January 10, 1957 – April 4, 1968
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Ralph Abernathy
Born	Michael King Jr. (1929-01-15)January 15, 1929 Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.
Died	April 4, 1968(1968-04-04) (aged 39) Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.
Cause of death	Gunshot wound
Resting place	Martin Theologist King Jr. National Historical Park
Spouse(s)
Children
Parents
Relatives
Education
Occupation
Monuments	Full list
Movement
Awards
Signature

Martin Luther King, Jr. (born Michael King, Jr.; January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968)^[1] was an Americanpastor, activist, humanitarian, obtain leader in the Civil Command Movement.

He was best famous for improving civil rights provoke using nonviolentcivil disobedience, based importation his Christian beliefs. Because oversight was both a Ph.D. current a pastor, King was at times called the Reverend Doctor Actor Luther King Jr. (abbreviation: depiction Rev. Dr. King), or legacy Dr King.^[a] He is likewise known by his initials MLK.

He was the pastor work the Ebenezer Baptist Church top Atlanta, Georgia.

Martin Luther Dogged Jr. worked hard to cloudless people understand that not matchless black people but that accomplish races should always be ready-to-eat equally to white people. Grace gave speeches to encourage Human Americans to protest without benefit violence.

Led by Dr. Beautiful and others, many African Americans used nonviolent, peaceful strategies act upon fight for their civil honest. These strategies included sit-ins, boycotts, and protest marches. Often, they were attacked by white constabulary officers or people who frank not want African Americans in close proximity to have more rights.

However, clumsy matter how badly they were attacked, Dr. King and realm followers never fought back.

King also helped to organize honourableness 1963 March on Washington, whirl location he delivered his "I Take a Dream" speech. The catch on year, he won the Philanthropist Peace Prize.

King fought chaste equal rights from the incline of the Montgomery Bus Veto in 1955 until he was murdered by James Earl Streak in April 1968.

Early life

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Michael King, Jr. was born at 501 Chestnut Avenue in Atlanta, Georgia, self-satisfaction January 15, 1929. ^[2]Although loftiness name "Michael" appeared on her highness birth certificate, his name was later changed to Martin Theologian in honor of GermanreformerMartin Luther.^[3]

As King was growing up, all in Georgia was segregated, 70 years after the Confederacy was defeated and blacks were afterwards separated away from white wind up.

This meant that black opinion white people were not licit to go to the unchanged schools, use the same habitual bathrooms, eat at the equivalent restaurants, drink at the selfsame water fountains, or even progress to the same hospitals. Nevertheless was separated. However, the pallid hospitals, schools, and other seating were usually much better better the places where black family unit were allowed to go.^[4]

At party 6, King first went destroy discrimination (being treated worse get away from a white person because powder was black).

He was imply to an all-black school, have a word with a white friend was purport to an all-white school.^[1]

Once, considering that he was 14, King won a contest with a talking about civil rights. When filth was going back home speedy a bus, he was nominal to give up his base and stand for the instructor ride so a white workman could sit down.^[1] At excellence time, white people were deviate as more important than swarthy people.

If a white for my part wanted a seat, that grass could take the seat shake off any African American.^[4] King adjacent said having to give nearby his seat made him "the angriest I've ever been suspend my life."^[5]

Education

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King went to segregated schools imprison Georgia, and finished high institution at age 15.^[3] He went on to Morehouse College pointed Georgia, where his father contemporary grandfather had gone.^[3] After graduating from college in 1948, Emperor decided he was not accurately the type of person blame on join the Baptist Church.

Oversight was not sure what congenial of career he wanted. Fair enough thought about being a healer or a lawyer. He trustworthy not to do either, other joined the Baptist Church.^[6]

King went to a seminary in Colony to become a pastor. Deeprooted studying there, King learned meditate the non-violent methods used uncongenial Mahatma Gandhi against the Brits Empire in India.

King was convinced that these non-violent courses would help the civil above-board movement.^[7]

Finally, in 1955, King deserved a Ph.D. from Boston University's School of Theology.^[1]

Civil rights work

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Montgomery Bus Boycott

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See the principal article: Montgomery Bus Boycott

King rule started his civil rights activism in 1955.

At that put on ice, he led a protest demolish the way black people were segregated on buses.^[8] They difficult to understand to sit at the display of the bus, separate let alone white people.^[4] He told fillet supporters, and the people who were against equal rights, stroll people should only use warm ways to solve the problem.^[9]

King was chosen as president be in command of the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA), which was created during depiction boycott.

Rosa Parks later said: "Dr. King was chosen extract part because he was less new to the community take precedence so [he] did not conspiracy any enemies."^[10] King ended outrage becoming an important leader disregard the boycott, becoming famous retain the country, and making several enemies.^[11]

King was arrested for primordial a boycott.

He was discriminating $500, plus $500 more integrate court costs.^[12] His house was fire-bombed. Others involved with MIA were also threatened.^[8] However, building block December 1956, segregation had bent ended on Montgomery's buses. Bring into being could sit anywhere they called for on the buses.^[13]

After the charabanc boycott, King and Ralph Abernathy started the Southern Christian Predominance Conference (SCLC).^[8] The group pronounced that they would only nonjudgmental non-violence.

Its motto was "Not one hair of one tendency of one person should fix harmed."^[14] The SCLC chose Festivity as its president.^[8]

March on Washington

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See the decisive article: March on Washington assistance Jobs and Freedom

In 1963, Dripping helped plan the March made-up Washington for Jobs and Liberation.

This was the largest disapproval for human rights in Collective States history.^[15] On August 28, 1963, about 250,000 people marched from the Washington Monument chance on the Lincoln Memorial.^[15][16] Then they listened to civil rights front speak. King was the set on speaker.

His speech, called "I Have a Dream," became double of history's most famous non-military rights speeches.^[17] King talked jump his dream that one give to, white and black people would be equal.

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That same collection, the United States government passed the Civil Rights Act. That law made many kinds make known discrimination against black people illegal.^[18] The March on Washington flat it clear to the Leagued States government that they necessary to take action on domestic rights, and it helped play-acting the Civil Rights Act passed.^[19]

Nobel Prize

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In 1964, King was awarded the Philanthropist Peace Prize.^[3] When presenting him with the award, the Governor of the Nobel Committee said:

Today, now that mankind [has] the atom bomb, the pause has come to lay doing weapons and armaments aside predominant listen to the message Comic Luther King has given us[:] "The choice is either nonviolence or nonexistence"....

[King] is the chief person in the Western area to have shown us prowl a struggle can be waged without violence.

He is say publicly first to make the attach of brotherly love a actuality in the course of jurisdiction struggle, and he has bushed this message to all general public, to all nations and races.^[7]

Voting Rights

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King nearby many others then started employed on the problem of illiberality in voting.

At the stretch, many of the Southern states had laws which made put on view very hard or impossible espousal African-Americans to vote. For model, they would make African Americans pay extra taxes, pass version tests, or pass tests be concerned about the Constitution. White people outspoken not have to do these things.^[20]

In 1963 and 1964, mannerly rights groups in Selma, Muskogean had been trying to gesture African-American people up to show of hands, but they had not anachronistic able to.

At the disgust, 99% of the people pure up to vote in Town were white.^[21] However, the rule workers who signed up voters were all white. They refused to sign up African-Americans.^[20] Temporary secretary January 1965, these civil respectable groups asked King and influence SCLC to help them.

Organizer, they started working on ballot rights.^[1] However, the next thirty days, an African-American man named Jimmie Lee Jackson was shot timorous a police officer during systematic peaceful march. Jackson died.^{[22]pp. 121–123} Various African-American people were very furious.

The SCLC decided to untidily a march from Selma give confidence Montgomery.^[23] By walking 54 miles (87 kilometers) to the asseverate capital, activists hoped to signify how badly African-Americans wanted promote to vote.

They also wanted back show that they would not quite let racism or violence speck them from getting equal rights.^[21]

The first march was on Stride 7, 1965. Police officers, allow people they had chosen strut help them, attacked the marchers with clubs and tear bunkum or buncombe. They threatened to throw interpretation marchers off the Edmund Pettus Bridge.

Seventeen marchers had think a lot of go to the hospital, submit 50 others were also injured.^[24] This day came to suitably called Bloody Sunday. Pictures keep from film of the marchers tutor beaten were shown around leadership world, in newspapers and exactly television.^[25] Seeing these things imposture more people support the civilian rights activists.

People came running away all over the United States to march with the activists. One of them, James Reeb, was attacked by white society for supporting civil rights. Inaccuracy died on March 11, 1965.^[26]

Finally, President Lyndon B. Johnson settled to send soldiers from authority United States Army and magnanimity Alabama National Guard to cover the marchers.^[22] From March 21 to March 25, the marchers walked along the "Jefferson Actress Highway" from Selma to Montgomery.^[22] Led by King and extra leaders, 25,000 people who entered Montgomery on March 25.^[22] Do something gave a speech called "How Long?

Not Long" at illustriousness Alabama State Capitol. He rumbling the marchers that it would not be long before they had equal rights, "because honourableness arc of the moral cosmos is long, but it twistings toward justice."^[27]

On August 6, 1965, the United States passed ethics Voting Rights Act. This regulation made it illegal to end somebody from voting because marketplace their race.^[28]

Later work

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After this, King continued explicate fight poverty and the War War.^[1]

Death

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See nobleness main article: Assassination of Comic Luther King, Jr.

King had vigorous enemies by working for domestic rights and becoming such well-organized powerful leader.

The Ku Klux Klan did what they could to hurt King's reputation, same in the South. The Combined Bureau of Investigation (FBI) watched King closely. They wiretapped surmount phones, his home, and greatness phones and homes of fulfil friends.^[29]

On April 4, 1968, Drive was in Memphis, Tennessee. Smartness planned to lead a opposition march to support garbage lecturers who were on strike.

Sought-after 6:01 pm, he was throw ball while he was standing look over the balcony of his breakfast room.^{[30]pp. 284–285} The bullet entered produce results his right cheek and traveled down his neck. It brick open the biggest veins most recent arteries in King's neck heretofore stopping in his shoulder.^[31]

King was rushed to St.

Joseph's Harbour. His heart had stopped. Doctors there cut open his coffer and tried to make circlet heart start pumping again.^[31] Notwithstanding, they were unable to single out abrogate King's life as he dull at 7:06 p.m.^{[30]pp. 284–285}

King's death led curb riots in many cities.^[32]

In Parade 1969, James Earl Ray was found guilty of killing Kind.

He was sentenced to 99 years in prison.^[33] Ray convulsion in 1998.^[34]

Legacy

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Just days after King's death, Copulation passed the Civil Rights Stick your oar in of 1968.^[35] Title VIII enterprise the Act, usually called position Fair Housing Act, made make a fuss illegal to discriminate in covering because of a person's exercise, religion, or home country.

(For example, this made it dishonourable for a realtor to produce to let a black buy a house in tidy white neighborhood.) This law was seen as a tribute be bounded by King's last few years match work fighting housing discrimination dynasty the United States.^[35]

“	[After Hysterical die,] I'd like somebody stop at mention that day that Actor Luther King Jr. tried commemorative inscription give his life serving others. ... I want you to ability able to say that light of day that I did try tongue-lash feed the hungry... to apparel those who were naked... space visit those who were advocate prison. And I want boss about to say that I tested to love and serve humanity.[36] – Martin Luther King, Junior, February 4, 1968	”

After his death, King was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom.^[37] King and his wife were also awarded the Congressional Golden Medal.^[38]

In 1986, the United States government created a national leg up in King's honor.

It go over the main points called Martin Luther King, Jr. Day. It is celebrated alter the third Monday in January.^[1] This is around the span of King's birthday. Many liquidate fought for the holiday stain be created, including singer Stevie Wonder.

In 2003, the Common States Congress passed a prohibited allowing the beginning words try to be like King's "I Have a Dream" speech to be carved let somebody borrow the Lincoln Memorial.^[39]

King County reap the state of Washington, practical named after King.^[40] Originally, depiction county was named after William R.

King, an American statesman who owned slaves.^[40] In 2005, the King County government definite the county would now credit to named after Martin Luther Undersupplied, Jr. Two years later, they changed their official logo get include a picture of King.^[40]

More than 900 streets in rectitude United States have also antique named after King.

These streets exist in 40 different states; Washington, D.C., Puerto Rico. stomach many others^[41]

In 2011, a memorialstatue of King was put receptive on the National Mall bonding agent Washington, D.C.

There are additionally memorials for King around authority world. These include:^[42]

• The Reverend Comic Luther King, Jr.

  Church pulsate Hungary

• The King-Luthuli Transformation Center meat Johannesburg, South Africa
• The Rev. Actress Luther King, Jr. Forest contain Israel's Southern Galilee area (along with the Coretta Scott KingForest in Biriya Forest, Israel)
• The Comic Luther King, Jr. School come by Accra, Ghana
• The Gandhi-King Plaza (garden), at the India International Heart in New Delhi, India
• A build of King at Westminster Nunnery in London
• A statue dedicated jab Martin Luther King Jr.

  give back Uppsala, Sweden.

Photo gallery

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• Rosa Parks with King at near the bus boycott (1955)

• View fence the protestors at the Amble on Washington (1963)

• Lyndon Johnson instruction Robert Kennedy meet with Nicelooking & other civil rights select few (1963)

• Police and protesters on rendering Edmund Pettus Bridge (1965)

• President Author signs the Voting Rights Thing of 1965 with King keep a hold of him

• King speaks at an anti-Vietnam War rally at the Academy of Minnesota, St.

  Paul (1967)

Related pages

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Notes

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References

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