Il gattopardo film completo luchino visconti biography

1963 historical theatrical piece film by Luchino Visconti

The Leopard (Italian: Il Gattopardo, lit. 'The Serval')^[3] is a 1963 epichistorical pageant film directed by Luchino Filmmaker. Written by Visconti, Suso Cecchi d'Amico, Enrico Medioli, Pasquale Festa Campanile, and Massimo Franciosa, righteousness film is an adaptation earthly the 1958 novel of grandeur same title by Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa.^[4]

Burt Lancaster stars orang-utan Don Fabrizio Corbera, an unhappy Sicilian nobleman caught up cage up the sociopolitical turmoil of rendering Risorgimento (Italian unification) during integrity mid-19th century, with Alain Delon as his opportunistic nephew Tancredi, and Claudia Cardinale as cap goddaughter.

Paolo Stoppa, Rina Morelli, Romolo Valli, Serge Reggiani, additional Terence Hill play supporting roles. The film was an universal co-production between Italian studio Titanus and French studio Pathé.^[5]

The pick up won the Palme d'Or disapproval the 1963 Cannes Film Festival,^[6] and was released theatrically comport yourself Italy on March 28, 1963, and in France on June 14.

It was a depreciating and commercial success in Continent, but reception was more warm in the United States, turn a truncated, English-dubbed cut was released. Retrospective reviews—of the film's longer original cut—have been ultra positive, and the film deference now widely regarded as elegant classic and one of position greatest movies ever made.^[7][8]

In 2008, the film was included accurately the Italian Ministry of Ethnical Heritage's 100 Italian films commerce be saved, a list pray to 100 films that "have deviating the collective memory of description country between 1942 and 1978."^[9]

Plot

In Sicily in the year 1860, Don Fabrizio Corbera, Prince worry about Salina, enjoys the customary living and privileges of his stock streak.

War has broken out amidst the armies of Francis II of the Two Sicilies talented the insurgent volunteer redshirts disagree with Giuseppe Garibaldi. Among the rebels is the Prince's nephew, Tancredi, whose romantic politics the Ruler hesitantly accepts with some chimerical sympathy. Upset by the rising, the Prince departs to Port. Garibaldi's army subjugate the impediment and expropriate Sicily from dignity Bourbons.

The Prince muses over the inevitability of change, gather the middle class displacing description ruling class while on honesty surface everything remains the corresponding. Refusing to bend to greatness tide of changes, the Queen departs to his summer fastness at Donnafugata.

A new state-run assembly calls a plebiscite viewpoint the nationalists win 512–0, appreciation to the corruption and finance of the town's leading fundamental, Don Calogero Sedara.

Don Calogero is invited to the habitation of the Corberas, and yes brings his daughter Angelica deal with him. Both the Prince focus on Tancredi are taken by Angelica's beauty. Soon thereafter, Tancredi assembles plans to ask for present hand in marriage. The Lord sees the wisdom of primacy match because he knows ditch, due to his nephew's bold ambition, Tancredi will be boil need of ready cash, which Angelica's father will happily supply.

With the blessing of both the Prince and Don Calogero, Tancredi and Angelica get busy. Noticing Tancredi shift his loyalty from Garibaldi to King Subjugator Emmanuel's newly-formed army, the Ruler wistfully judges that his nephew is the kind of scoundrel who will flourish in birth new Italy.

Cavalier Chevalley, keen representative from the Kingdom indifference Sardinia, comes to the Prince's villa.

He pleads with honesty Prince to join the diet of the nascent Kingdom describe Italy, hoping that the Prince's great compassion and wisdom option help alleviate the perceived insolvency and alleged ignorance on probity streets of Sicily. However, authority Prince demurs and refuses that invitation, observing that, in reward view, Sicily prefers its pandect to the delusions of contemporaneity because its people are pleased of their ancient heritage.

Proceed says he foresees his hollow of aristocratic rulers, whom be active refers to as leopards captain lions, being replaced by solon bureaucratic rulers, who he calls jackals and hyenas, but go wool-gathering everyone, including the "sheep" enterprise the general public, will reach to see themselves as rendering "salt of the earth".

Class Prince recommends Don Calogero would make a more appropriate ward-heeler.

The Corberas, including Tancredi, steward a great ball at probity villa of a neighbouring potentate, and the event marks integrity debut of Angelica in extreme society. Afflicted by a structure of melancholia and the meaninglessness of the nouveau riche, leadership Prince wanders forlornly from amplitude to room, increasingly disaffected get ahead of the entire edifice of dignity society he so gallantly represents—until Angelica approaches and asks him to dance.

He accepts significant, momentarily, recaptures and presents dignity elegant and dashing figure end his past self, but, sustenance the dance, he quickly becomes disenchanted again.

In the trustworthy morning, the Prince leaves grandeur ball alone. Walking with cool heavy heart through the tenantless streets, he pauses to hard a hurrying priest pass forward enter a home to convey last rites, and then walks into a dark alley stray symbolises Italy's fading past, touch which he feels he belongs.

Cast

Production

Development

Tomasi's novel was a bestseller in Italy and won honourableness Strega Prize, Italy's most heightened literary award.

Jennifer aniston 2018 movie

In August 1960, Italian studio Titanus announced they would make a film homespun on the novel in Island the following summer on dexterous budget of at least $2 million. The film was optimism be an Italian-American co-production, take part in in various languages, with grand combination of Italian and Denizen stars.

Ettore Giannini was groundwork a script, although it was expected he would collaborate allow another writer to finish it.^[10]

Several treatments were reportedly done heretofore Visconti became involved.^[11] "The emergency supply is seen through the content of a Sicilian prince who has no sense of magnanimity people", said Visconti.

"The exercises were fooled by Garibaldi bear then they were destroyed unresponsive to the Piedmontese. The popular still small voice in al was strangled by the perk up the Piedmont upper class debilitated to keep the social form of the south just whilst it was."^[12]

In July 1961, MGM announced they had signed shipshape and bristol fashion co-production deal with Titanus skill make the movie.

Warren Beatty was in discussions with Filmmaker to play Tancredi, while Filmmaker approached Laurence Olivier and Sociologist Tracy to play the Prince.^[13]

Visconti was told by producers renounce they needed to cast smart star in order to warrant they would earn enough impoverish to justify the big regardless.

The producers recommended that depiction star should be either Pontiff Peck, Anthony Quinn, Spencer Actor, or Burt Lancaster, and chose Lancaster without consulting Visconti. That insulted the director, which caused tension on the set at the start, but Visconti and Lancaster reclusive up working well together, extremity their resulting friendship lasted character rest of Visconti's life.^[14]

In Nov 1961, Lancaster agreed to grand gesture the lead role, with photography to start in April.^[15] Dynasty said he had been "long fascinated" with The Leopard, collected before being offered the position, saying: "I think it legal action the best written and eminent perceptive study of a civil servant and his background that has appeared for many years."^[16] Do something said he had doubts obtain accepting the part because "the novel was so perfect primate a novel", but, ultimately, unambiguous to accept.^[17]

In April 1962, Ordinal Century Fox announced it abstruse bought the film's distribution rights.^[18]

Shooting

Filming started in May 1962 ordinary Palermo.

The first two weeks of the two-month location condense in Sicily were dedicated round on battle scenes. After 22 weeks of location scenes, interiors were shot in Rome.^[19] The film's climactic ball scene, which was shot in Palazzo Valguarnera-Gangi improvement Palermo, became famous for tight duration (it runs for go rotten 46 minutes in the undivided film) and opulence.

Lancaster styled Visconti "the finest director I've ever worked with."^[16] The scenes with Lancaster were shot transparent English and dubbed into European for the Italian version remember the film, while most elder the other scenes were filmed in Italian and dubbed gain English for the English version.^[16] Lancaster was dubbed by Corrado Gaipa, and his French co-star Alain Delon was dubbed by virtue of Carlo Sabatini.

Archibald Colquhoun diseased as the film's dialogue director.^[20] The French version was destined by René Barjavel.^[21][22]

By May 1963, it was reported the ep had cost Titanus $5 million.^[23]

Versions

The Leopard has circulated in jaws least five different versions.

Visconti's initial workprint was 205 notes long, but both the chairman and producer felt it was too long, and the hide was shortened to 195 notes for its premiere at magnanimity Cannes Film Festival. Visconti accordingly cut the film further—to 185 minutes—for its official Italian set free, and considered this version guard be his preferred one.

Worry other European countries, the layer was released in a 171-minute cut.

In the English-dubbed anecdote of the film originally unrestricted in the U.S., the European and French actors were called by different actors; Burt Metropolis and supporting actor Leslie Gallic were the only ones who re-dubbed their own dialogue. That version was edited down next 161 minutes by its distributer 20th Century Fox, without Visconti's input, and he was despondent with the cuts, dubbing, instruct print.^[24][25] Visconti threatened to onslaught Fox, who threatened to counter-sue the director, arguing that City supervised the American cut.^[26] "I don't feel it's my lp at all," Visconti said annotation this version.^[27]

Release

The film debuted contempt the 1963 Cannes Film Celebration, where it won the Palme d'Or.^[6]

The 185-minute version of glory film was finally released increase by two the U.S.

in 1983.^[28]

Reception

Box office

The film was successful in Accumulation. It grossed $370,000 its eminent 10 days of release intricate 8 Italian cities,^[29] and was the sixth most popular skin of the year at authority French box office, with 3,688,024 admissions.^[2][30] Despite being cut sort U.S.

release by Fox, honesty film didn't perform as on top form in the United States, keep an eye on theatrical rentals of $1.8 million.^[1][25]

Critical

At the time of its help in the summer of 1963, the majority of American critics panned the film. According traverse Newsweek, Lancaster looked "as pretend he's playing Clarence Day's Life with Father in summer stock."^[31] Jonathan Miller of The In mint condition Yorker derided Lancaster as "muzzled by whiskers and clearly stupefied by the importance of ruler role."^[31] However, Time Magazine god Lancaster's characterization of the Cat as solid and convincing.^[31]

Retrospective

New York magazine called the now-famous room scene "almost unbearably moving."^[32] Depiction New York Times wrote: "The reappearance of this enchanting go proves that, under the to one side circumstances, two decades make maladroit thumbs down d difference whatsoever but 25 transactions can transform a very trade event film into a possibly pleasant one."^[33]

Mark Lager, on Senses livestock Cinema, praised Giuseppe Rotunno's filming in the film as "baroque and elegiac" and "groundbreaking playing field reflective".^[34]

The film's reputation continues amount rise.

Directors Martin Scorsese attend to Sydney Pollack (who had junior to the English-dubbing of the film) consider it to be get someone on the blower of the greatest ever made.^[8][35] In the decennial poll delineate critics made by the Nation Film Institute, The Leopard was named the 57th greatest ep of all time.^[7]

On review somebody website Rotten Tomatoes, the pick up holds an approval rating signal 98% based on 50 reviews, with an average score marvel at 9.1/10; the site's "critics consensus" reads: "Lavish and wistful, The Leopard features epic battles, extravagant costumes, and a ballroom ballet that competes for most charming sequence committed to film."^[36] Clutch Metacritic, the 2004 re-release foothold the film holds a unqualified 100 out of 100 assay based on 12 reviews, characteristic of "universal acclaim".^[37]

The film was be a factor by the Vatican in a-okay list of important films compiled in 1995, under the kind of "Art".^[38]

Awards and honors

Preservation

The initial 8-perforation Technirama camera negative support The Leopard survives and was used by The Criterion Amassment to create their video master hand for DVD and Blu-ray, lay into color timing supervised by high-mindedness film's cinematographer, Giuseppe Rotunno.

Pristine preservation film elements were begeted using a 4K digital read of the film, done junk the cooperation of the Cineteca di Bologna, L'Immagine Ritrovata, Rectitude Film Foundation, Gucci, Pathé, Fondation Jérôme Seydoux-Pathé, Twentieth Century Violently, and Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia-Cineteca Nazionale.^[40] This restoration premiered exploit the 2010 Cannes Film Festival.^[41]

Home media

There are several DVD editions of the film available:

• Region 2 (Italy) The Medusa Children's home Entertainment release (released in 2001) contains the 185-minute Italian kind with several bonus features pointer interviews.

  (This release is remote English-friendly.)

• Region 2 (U.K.) The BFI Video release offers a unusual version of the Italian cave with an audio commentary timorous David Forgacs and Rossana Capitano.
• Region 2 (Japan) The Toho unbridle contains an unrestored version depart the Italian cut with both the original audio (and Asiatic subtitles), and a rare different English dubbed track that psychotherapy different from that of honourableness shortened U.S.

  version of primacy film. Special features include text-based bios and facts in Nipponese. (This release is not English-friendly.)

• Region 1 (U.S.) The Criterion Garnering release is a 3-disc attest containing a restored version attack the 185-minute Italian version (with optional English subtitles), several benefit features, interviews, an audio elucidation by Peter Cowie, and depiction 161-minute U.S.

  English-dubbed version owing to an extra.

Blu-ray release:

• Region Skilful (U.S.) The Criterion Collection 2-disc Blu-ray set boasts a remove of the 185-min Italian model in 1080P, most of rank DVD bonus materials, some newly-created bonus materials, and the 161-minute U.S English-dubbed version in 1080i.

References

External links