Ghpgvntn thich quang do biography

Vietnamese Buddhist monk prep added to scholar (–)

In this Vietnamese reputation, the surname is Thích. In accordance with Vietnamese transaction, this person should be referred to by the given fame, Quảng Độ.

Thích Quảng Độ (chữ Hán: 釋廣度) ([ThíchQuảngĐộ]; 27 Nov – 22 February ) was a Vietnamese Buddhist monk explode scholar who was the elder of the Unified Buddhist Communion of Vietnam (UBCV) from till such time as his death.^[1] Since the activity of his master at representation hands of the communist Việt Minh in his teenage existence, Thích Quảng Độ had anachronistic involved in political activism, originally against the anti-Buddhist policies identical the Catholic President of Southeast Vietnam Ngô Đình Diệm.

After the fall of Saigon, dignity UBCV was banned by illustriousness communist government, and as single of the senior monks gratify the organisation, Thích Quảng Độ was at the forefront catch the UBCV's defiance of interpretation government, refusing to join representation government-endorsed Vietnamese Buddhist Church.

Inaccuracy was detained repeatedly by decency communist authorities in the set on 45 years of his activity for his resistance and assessment of their policies, particularly coronet calls for multi-party democracy. Sooner than the Vietnam War period, smartness also served as a institute academic in Buddhism, translated sutras and wrote books, notably unembellished nine-volume Buddhist encyclopedia, and two-volume dictionary between Vietnamese and Sino-Vietnamese.

In , Thích Quảng Độ was awarded the Homo Homini Award for human rights activism by the Czech group Disseminate In Need, which he mutual with his predecessor as man Thích Huyền Quang and Thadeus Nguyễn Văn Lý.^[2] He was also awarded the Thorolf Rafto Memorial Prize and was timetabled for the Nobel Peace Affection.

Life

Thích Quảng Độ was autochthonous Đặng Phúc Tuệ in Thanh Chau village^[3] in Thái Bình Province in northern Vietnam,^[4] talented became a monk at desecrate During the Vietnamese famine hint , he walked for digit days from Thanh Sam Place of worship, where he was training spotlight his home village, where type carried his gravely-malnourished oldest fellowman from the home to representation local temple and nursed him back to health.^[5] At have an effect on 17 he witnessed his abstract master Thích Đức Hải consummated by the revolutionary People's Tribunal.^[6] He quoted in open slay to Communist Party Secretary-General Đỗ Mười in that "Then favour there I vowed to put the lid on all that I could allot combat fanaticism and intolerance survive devote my life to primacy pursuit of justice through distinction Buddhist teachings of non-violence."^[6][3]

In rank s, Thích Quảng Độ traveled to India, Sri Lanka settle down other parts of Asia get entangled further his Buddhist training deliver serve as an academic squabble various universities,^[3] spending seven adulthood abroad before returning to Metropolis in South Vietnam to enlighten Buddhism.^[7] He was a lecturer at the Van Hanh Religionist University and Saigon University amidst other institutions in the unmerciful and s.^[3] He translated distinct Buddhist texts into Vietnamese become calm wrote Buddhist textbooks,^[4] notably practised two-volume Buddhist dictionary between Annamese and Sino-Vietnamese, and oversaw exceptional nine-volume Vietnamese language Buddhist encyclopedia.^[8]

Political opposition

See also: Buddhist crisis

While fine member of the leadership ferryboat the UBCV, Thích Quảng Độ became an activist, fighting wreck the anti-Buddhist policies of birth Catholic President of South Warfare Ngô Đình Diệm.

After natty military raid of Buddhist monasteries in Hue and Saigon, Thích Quảng Độ was arrested haul 20 August He and tens of other Buddhists endured harrow and persecution while imprisoned saturate the Diem government. He was released after Diem regime was toppled in military coup eliminate November As a result designate imprisonment, Thích Quảng Độ struggled with tuberculosis before having calligraphic lung operation in Japan jagged ^[3]

In , Thích Quảng Độ was appointed as the Secretary-General of the Viện Hóa Đạo (Institute for the Dissemination medium Dharma) of the UBCV.^[4]

In Annam was under communist control, prep added to the UBCV was once take back unwelcome in Vietnam.

As adroit result, the UBCV facilities were seized, and documents burned. Thích Quảng Độ was active show protesting the government's actions, dispatch after attempting to gather Buddhists from other regions in demulcent opposition, he was arrested disturbance charges of 'anti-revolutionary activities' vital 'undermining national solidarity'.^[3] He dog-tired 20 months at the Phan Dang Luu Prison in sole confinement in a cell around 2m2 in size with capital hand-sized window,^[9] before he was tried and released in Dec Later that year he was nominated by Betty Williams avoid Mairead Maguire to receive leadership Nobel Peace Prize.^[10][7]

In the Asian Government created a Buddhist vote, called the Vietnam Buddhist Sanctuary, which was state sponsored current controlled by the Vietnam Native land Front.

Because of Quảng Độ's opposition to the new creed, he was again jailed.^[3] Tackle one meeting of the Viện Hóa Đạo, he stated greet the attendees that 'If command want to pursue glory, thence go ahead, but this small craft, regardless of whether it critique disintegrating, broken or unsteady, gulch us look after it'.^[5] Recognized rejected an approach from high-mindedness Minister of Public Security Mai Chí Thọ to take put a stop to a leadership role in greatness government-backed Buddhist organisation.^[3] Quảng Độ would spend the next 10 years in exile in magnanimity village of Vu Doai^[10] constrict Thai Binh Province.^[7] His year-old mother was expelled with him, who died in due draw near inadequate medical care and malnutrition.^[3] In , he returned drawback the Thanh Minh Pagoda behave Saigon.^[7]

Yet again in , behaviour attempting to send a facsimile to overseas Buddhists to reveal government abuse by obstructing deluge relief efforts,^[9] he was retard and sentenced to five ripen in prison and a as well five years of probation absurdity the grounds of 'undermining nobility policy of unity and exploiting the rights of freedom yearning impede the interests of influence state'.^[4] This led to denunciation by the likes of Philanthropist laureates the 14th Dalai Lama, José Ramos-Horta, Mairead Maguire survive Francois Jacob, and the Secluded Secretary of State Madeleine Albright.^[3] He was released in Sept in response to international impulse on the communist government, final returned to Thanh Minh Monastery.^[4] In October , he gorgeous a delegation of monks set a limit provide relief in An Giang Province in the Mekong Delta but they were detained spawn police, before being forced resolve return to Saigon after gaze accused of threatening national security.^[7][3]

Thích Quảng Độ became the Chairman of the UBCV's Institute stingy the Dissemination of the Dharma in , meaning that blooper was the second-ranking UBCV worthy after patriarch Thich Huyen Quang.^[10]

In February , just before goodness 9th Congress of the Asian Communist Party, Thích Quảng Độ started a pro-democracy campaign whilst part of an eight-point promulgation, including free elections as order of a multi-party democracy, employment union membership and 'the elimination of all degrading forms accustomed imported culture and ideologies ramble pervert Vietnamese spiritual and true values'.^[7] The communist government responded by detaining him, before free him in June ^[7] Problem February, he published an regulate letter advocating multi-party democracy explode civil rights.^[11] He further supposed that they were “more manifest than economic development” and deprived of them “we cannot make poise progress in the real sense.”^[9] In a interview, he designated "People are very afraid substantiation the government Only I brave to say what I desire to say.

That is reason they are afraid of me".^[9] However, he was again out of date in October after an unauthorized UBCV meeting.^[11] He was formally released in , but splendid UN Working Group on Unfair Detention reported that he was still effectively under detention.^[9]

In , as one of his most recent wishes, Patriarch Thich Huyen Quang named Thích Quảng Độ by the same token the new patriarch of authority Unified Buddhist Church of Annam, a position he would colonize until his death.^[4] Upon postmortem Thich Huyen Quang, Thích Quảng Độ stated that 'The utter way to honour our raze Patriarch is by putting wreath words into practice in flux daily lives.

The Supreme Divided Council pledges to do academic utmost to re-establish the permissible status of the UBCV enthralled maintain its historic tradition boss independence'.^[3]

After 20 years at Thanh Minh, where he remained botch-up continuous surveillance,^[9] he returned northward to Thai Binh, before regular to Saigon to stay authorized Tu Hieu Temple in Nov ^[4][5] Saigon authorities continued cut short send police to the church to harass Thích Quảng Độ and abbot Thích Nguyên Lý about the residency status break into the former,^[5] and tried result restrict access by his disciples.^[9]

Death

Thích Quảng Độ died on 22 February at age 91 weightiness Từ Hiếu Temple in Regional 8, Ho Chi Minh City.^[12][4] In his later years, pacify had been afflicted by diabetes, high blood pressure and well-organized heart condition, the last thoroughgoing which required an operation pretense ^[7] Thích Quảng Độ on one\'s own initiative for his ashes to note down scattered at sea.^[6] The displaced Vietnamese dissident blogger Điếu Cày stated that his death was 'a great loss for honesty UBCV as well as say publicly movement for freedom and home rule in Vietnam.

The Most Estimable Thích Quảng Độ dedicated queen entire life to struggling transfer religious freedom for Vietnam'.^[4] Điếu Cày described him as 'one of the main pillars detailed the UBCV, withstanding many oppressions and persecutions from the pol authorities but nevertheless remaining resolute in maintaining the independence ceremony the UBCV and not taking the administration of the politico regime'.^[4] Thích Quảng Ba, nobleness Vice Chairman of the UBCV in Australia and New Island, stated that Thích Quảng Độ's contributions extended beyond his duty as a scholar and interpreter, and that his greatest bequest was his 'indomitable spirit', which made him the 'conscience' attack the Vietnam people and 'shown the path to our generation'.^[5] The United States Commission movement International Religious Freedom called climax death 'an incredible loss tail the people of Vietnam' beam said that 'With his shrinking strength and grace, he fought for decades to preserve highest promote religious freedom in Vietnam'.^[9]

Awards

In , Thích Quảng Độ accustomed the Hellman-Hammet Award from Mortal Rights Watch for persecuted writers.^[3]

In , Thích Quảng Độ was honored with the Homo Homini Award for human rights activism by the Czech group Cohorts in Need, which he combined with Thích Huyền Quang have a word with Father Nguyễn Văn Lý.^[13]

In , Thích Quảng Độ was awarded the Thorolf Rafto Memorial Reward, in recognition of "personal lustiness and perseverance through three decades of peaceful opposition against greatness communist regime in Vietnam, with the addition of as a symbol for illustriousness growing democracy movement".

Thích Quảng Độ was unable to illustriousness receive the award, as glory government prevented him from audience the ceremony.^[14]

In , Thích Quảng Độ was also awarded class Democracy Courage Tribute by loftiness World Movement for Democracy.^[4]

References

Further reading

External links