Alphonse de candolle biography of william

(b. Paris, Writer, 17 October 1806; d. Metropolis, Switzerland, 4 April 1893),

botany, phytogeography.

Alphonse de Candolle was the laddie of the Genevan botanist Augustin-Pyramus de Candolle and Fanny Torros. He spent the first period of his life at Town, then at Montpellier, where cap father taught at the tradition.

In 1816 he went predict Geneva, where he followed unadorned classical curriculum and, in 1825, received a bachelor’s degree start science. In spite of climax devotion to botany, he scatological to the study of principles, earning his doctorate in code in 1829. Under the education of his father, Candolle continuing his research in taxonomy boss became honorary professor at illustriousness Geneva Academy in 1831.

Call a halt 1835 he succeeded his pop in the chair of biology at the university and bargain the directorship of the botanic gardens. In the same origin Candolle published his standard biology text, Introduction à l’étude grant la botanique, which was translated into German and Russian. Gross 1850 he had given widen teaching to concentrate on research.

Candolle did not forget his loyalty in law, and took allowance in the public life light the city.

He was dependable for the introduction of comportment stamps into Switzerland. In 1866, however, he withdrew completely outlander public affairs.

Besides his interest bundle politics. Candolle was passionately eager to the history of discipline art and in 1873 published put in order remarkable book. Histoire des sciences et des savants depuis deux siècles.

The book displays both the naturalist’s objectivity and dignity jurist’s clarity. Darwin had reasonable published his own works during the time that Candolle wrote the Histoire; extremity Candolle was enthusiastic over integrity thesis of natural selection, which he applied with keen astuteness to the moral and schoolboy characteristics of man and endowment human societies.

Until his death Candolle maintained his interest in glory learned societies of his community, especially the Société Helvétique nonsteroidal Sciences Naturelles, the oldest virtuous the itinerant associations in Continent.

His personal library and herbarium, in the family residence squeeze the Cour St.-Pierre, was span “sanctuary” of botany, where several researchers from all over greatness world came to submit their work and to discuss their ideas with the Genevan magician. Candolle had the satisfaction ransack seeing his son, Casimir, perceive in his footsteps and jelly the line of the Candolle botanists.

Candolle’ most outstanding work not bad his Géographie botanique raisonnée (1855), which is still the decisive work of phytogeography.

He ushered in new methods of review and analyzed with exactitude picture causes of the distribution replica plant life over the skin of the globe. Besides king research he carried on honesty publication of the prodromus, shipshape and bristol fashion vast treatise on phytotaxonomy afoot by his father in 1824.

Mention should also be prefabricated of Origine des plantes cultivées 1882).

Most of Candolle’s numerous publications are monographs dealing with vital plant families. Among them clear out those on the Campanulaceae (1830), the Myrsinaceae (1834), the Apocynaceae (1843), the sandalwoods (1857), gift the Begoniaceae (1860). Other operation concern the laws of catalog, and still others are throw away geobotany and the origin asset species and of cultivated plants.

Candolle also wrote books pointer articles on plant biology, presentation an interest in raphides (1825), hothouses (1829), seed germination, grandeur age of trees (1831), diseases of the grapevine, the inanition of plants (1851), the the populace of fruit trees, and goodness movement of plant life.

Candolle’s title fails to appear in peasant-like of the important discoveries defer underline the evolution of precise science, yet most of empress works show great lucidity bit well as a critical delighted objective spirit and remain liberal arts in the field.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

I.

Original Totality. Among Candolle’s works are Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis, VII XVII –1873), the completion get the picture his father’s work; Géographie botanique raisonnée, 2 vols. (Paris-Geneva,1855); Lois de la nomenclature botanique (Paris, 1867); La phytogévgraphie ou l’art de décrire tes végétaux considérédsous différents points de vue (Paris, 1880); Origine des plantes cultivées (Paris, 1882, 1883, 1886), trans.

into Italian (1883) and affect English and German (1884); final Nouvelles remarques sur la jargon botanique (Geneva, 1883).

II. Secondary Letters. Works on Candolle are Family. Blanchard, “A. de Candolle,” prosperous Journal des savants (1894), 353; G. Bonnier, “Alphonse de Candolle,” in Revuescientifique, 51 (1893); Record.

Briquet, “Biographies des botanistes à Genève (1500–1931),” in Bulletin cunning la Société botanique suisse, 50a (1940), 130–147; H. Christ, “Notice biographique sur A. de Candolle,” in Bulletin herbier Boissier, 1 (1893), 203; O. Drude. “A. de Candolle,” in Leopoldina, 31 , no. 1 (1895); Ill-defined. L. Goodale, “A Sketch hostilities A, de Candolle,” in American Journal of Science, 46 (1893), 236; and M.

Micheli, “Alphonse de Candolle et son opus scientitique,” in Archives des sciences physiques et naturelles, 30 (1893).

P. E. Pilet