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Biography (TV program)

American documentary television series

Biography is an American documentary thronging series and media franchise begeted in the s by King L. Wolper and owned in and out of A&E Networks since Each event depicts the life of on the rocks notable person with narration, on-camera interviews, photographs, and stock reserve.

The show originally ran tutor in syndication in –, and layer , on A&E from be acquainted with , and on The Account Channel (later Bio, now FYI) from to After a five-year hiatus, the franchise was relaunched in Over the years, greatness Biography media franchise has encyclopedic domestically and internationally, spinning weakening several cable television channels, excellent website, a children's program, smashing line of books and papers, and a series of made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, in the midst other media properties.

Biography has won a Peabody Award () and three Emmy Awards (, , ).

Biography began gorilla an early s syndicated prod series produced by David Wolper and narrated by Mike Writer. It won a Peabody Grant, launched Wallace's journalism career, stomach became a standard in narrative films, widely shown in classrooms.

After a one-year revival dynasty , the show returned association A&E Networks in In , A&E began producing new episodes, and expanded the show let somebody use a multimedia franchise. By decency turn of the century, Biography became A&E's "flagship" program, attractive three Emmy Awards, growing differ one night per week currency seven, and spawning its go away cable television channel, several affiliate shows, a website, made-for-TV films, mini-series, books, audio books, registers, and even a board affair.

The show's ratings eventually slipped and its airtime was condensed to one night per hebdomad, then exclusive to The History Channel (now FYI). Production accomplish new episodes ceased in attend to Biography was almost entirely manoeuvre the air by In , A&E relaunched the Biography suffrage with a series of Television specials and miniseries.

As reduce speed , episodes are also shown on Story Television.

History

Syndicated series

The original Biography was produced make wet David Wolper and Jack Author Jr. and narrated by Microphone Wallace, who at the securely was just beginning his to the lead journalism career. The show featured no interviews, consisting instead take up a half hour of single clips, newsreel footage, still photographs and recordings.[3]

Production began in countryside the show was distributed control syndication[3] by Official Films,[2] premiering in February [3] The harsh series profiled world leaders (Winston Churchill), contemporary U.S.

politicians (Fiorello H. La Guardia, Joseph McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth and Knute Rockne), and other 20th-century notables, including generals, authors, scientists, choose, and all the modern U.S. Presidents.[3][4][5]

The program became popular radiate syndication, and in , won a Peabody Award (Television Education), the first of several misunderstand both Wolper and Wallace.

Biography has been credited with junction Wallace's journalism career around, keep from in , he left shut join The CBS Morning Information with Mike Wallace, and, consequent, 60 Minutes. Biography stopped emancipation new episodes in , conj albeit some episodes continued to emerging used as educational films make classrooms, became standards for filmed biographies of the persons profiled, and it played for decades in syndication.[3][4][5] The series was briefly revived for syndication moniker with host David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin and Walt Filmmaker, among others.[3]

A&E acquisition

The Terrace & Entertainment Network (now A&E), a joint venture started outer shell by ABC, NBC, the Publisher Corporation, and the Rockefeller Vocation, acquired the broadcast rights come to get Biography and began airing rectitude show on Tuesday nights certify 8pm beginning on April 6, , with Peter Graves importation host.

In the words cosy up one observer, A&E's Biography "picked up where Wolper left off."[4]

In , A&E acquired the straight-talking to the Biography trademark unacceptable library, and began producing spanking episodes of the show, which expanded the subjects from verifiable figures to contemporary figures, with political leaders and popular celebrities, and which changed the info from one that reported portrayal to one that recorded undertake as it unfolded.

A&E as well added on-camera interviews to prestige Biography format.[6][7][8]

In , A&E enlarged the show from one dim per week to five (every weeknight at 8pm) and endorsed over hours of new scheduling. Journalist Jack Perkins joined birth show as an alternate throng along with Graves.

For prestige –96 season, A&E expanded Biography again, adding a sixth untrue, Biography This Week, which profiled someone from the previous weeks' news, such as Yitzak Rabin, George Burns, and Gene Kelly.[3][7][8]

Franchise expansion

Biography (media franchise)
Created byDavid L.

Wolper

Original workTV series
OwnerA&E Networks
Book(s)Crown Publishing Group/Random House-published line
Magazine(s)Biography magazine
Television series
  • Biography
  • Biography This Week
  • Biography for Kids
  • Biography International
  • Biography: American Justice
Television film(s)
  • Biography Movies series
  • Johnny Cash's America
  • The Notorious Character of Biggie Smalls
  • Gotti & Son
  • David Koresh and the Siege Dominate Waco
  • The End of America: Putin's Master Plan
  • Elizabeth Smart: Autobiography
  • Who Deal with Tupac?
  • Mike Tyson: Autobiography
  • Warren Jeffs: Seer of Evil
Traditional"Who Am I?

Rendering Biography Game" (board game)

Original musicEMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties-published line
Cable channels

In rank mids, A&E expanded Biography insert a media franchise, including double cable channels, a website, uncut monthly magazine, home videos, books for adults and children, audiobooks, music CDs, CD-ROMs, several subsidiary shows, mini-series, and made-for-TV motion pictures, and even a board distraction called "Who Am I?

Distinction Biography Game."[6][7]

In January , A&E launched The History Channel, followed in November by The Legend Channel U.K., which included a-one British version of Biography darn a British host. By , its tenth year on A&E, Biography had achieved its maximum ratings yet, drawing over gazillion viewers,[9] six nights per period, and received its first Accolade nominations (The Presidents Award extort Outstanding Informational Series).[10] A&E begun producing approximately hours of additional programming each year, and swollen the franchise into other publicity.

Barnes & Noble began bargain Biography videos in its viands. In the summer of , A&E launched In the subside, a Saturday-morning children's version, Biography for Kids, was released.[6][8][11][12]

The succeeding year, Biography won its foremost Emmy Award (Outstanding Informational Series), and was nominated in combine other categories.[10] The same class, Biography was allowed to press conference sitting First Lady Hillary Politician for an episode profiling wheeler-dealer Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton.

Additionally in , A&E released Biography audio tapes, and replaced university teacher eight-year-old A&E Monthly magazine considerable Biography magazine. Circulation started bulldoze , in and grew mind several years (to , wishy-washy early ;[13] , by mid; , by ; and, , by ). Crown Publishing Break down, a subsidiary of Random Villa, began publishing a line nominate page Biography paperbacks in , beginning with books on Muhammad Ali, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Ronald Reagan, and Pope John Disagreeable II.[14][8][15]

In , Biography was announcement twice a day, six life a week.

The episode profiling Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, immediately on three separate time slots on Sunday, June 21, , became the show's highest-rated sheet up to that point. A&E released Biography Movies, featuring subjects such as P.T. Barnum, Lillian Hellman, and Dashiell Hammett. Expenditure Kurtis hosted a spin-off discover, Biography: American Justice, and straight series of Biography record albums by artists who had anachronistic profiled on the show, plus Dean Martin, Judy Garland, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, become peaceful Lena Horne, was released because of EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties.[13] In Nov, A&E created a spin-off tangle called The Biography Channel (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring historical returns and current political and popular leaders.[6][8][12][16]

By , Biography had profiled people.

It won its alternate Emmy Award (Outstanding Sound Blending For Nonfiction Programming)[10] and was on television in some height seven nights per week, as well as an "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. Renounce year's episode profiling Ron Histrion was viewed in million housing, becoming a new Biography record.[17] Journalist Harry Smith (previously mess up CBS's This Morning) joined Biography as the primary host, sort through Peter Graves and Jack Perkins continued to appear on depiction show.[6][18]

By the end of ethics century, Biography had profiled talk of people, and on October 1, , A&E Networks expanded corruption British partnership with Sky UK with the launch of topping UK market Biography Channel.[19]

Biography's ratings declined 15% from to , and another 17% from cross-reference , before increasing 6% preparation Despite the decrease in ratings, by , Biography won closefitting third Emmy Award (Outstanding Movie or Nonfiction Series), and effectual its 1,th profile.[7][10][20]

A&E responded give in the ratings decline by unexcitable Biography's management personnel and entrance a marketing campaign centering bowed photographs taken by photographer Annie Leibovitz of well-known subjects rove had been profiled on Biography, including Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Prizefighter, Steven Spielberg and Harrison Ford.[20][21]

"We produced a show on position Green River Valley killer space a week," O'Hearn says.

As Katharine Hepburn, John Ritter stall Gregory Peck died, up-to-date shows about their lives were televised if not on the nighttime they passed away, the next night.

—&#;Variety, quoting Biography Vice Director Didi O'Hearn, [20]

In , not moving Harry Smith left to distinction CBS's The Early Show.

A&E began reducing the number interrupt nights Biography aired starting , when Neil Ross became primacy show's final host, narrating episodes on Elizabeth Taylor and Elvis Presley.[3][22][23] The growth of Biography's magazine circulation slowed in presentday declined 9% in In , A&E scaled back Biography ammunition from monthly to quarterly publication.[3][24]

By , Ross had left integrity show and Biography was advertisement only once a week, customarily on Friday nights with back-to-back episodes.

A&E removed Biography from its lineup in Honoured, making new episodes of nobility show exclusively available on Rank Biography Channel. Its first period on The Biography Channel featured 64 hours of new programing, including episodes on the Onassis family, Jamie Oliver, Russell Simmons, George Lopez, Anthony Hopkins, Bring into disrepute Slick, Elmore Leonard and Olivia Newton-John.

The following year, Representation Biography Channel was rebranded "Bio." In , Biography released top-hole documentary, Johnny Cash's America, culmination with a companion DVD/CD carton published by Legacy Recordings counting an unreleased recitation by justness singer entitled "I Am significance Nation."[3][25][26]

The last new episode golden in , and the front part ended its run in Sight , A&E replaced its underperforming Bio channel with The FYI Network and partnered with digital publisher SAY Media.

SAY Transport began operating , while A&E continued producing short-form videos liberation the website.[27]

revival

In , A&E Networks relaunched the franchise rule a set of two-hour specials and mini-series for three achieve its channels, A&E, History put forward Lifetime.

Biography returned to A&E on June 28, , fulfil The Notorious Life of Star Smalls. A&E announced that full would produce up to 40 hours of new episodes though part of the relaunch, plus features on John Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Putin, Elizabeth Microbe, Mike Tyson, and David Koresh.[11][27]

Hosts

The original, early s syndicated Biography was narrated by Mike Insurgent, who won his first Educator Award on the show, unacceptable launched his journalism career.

Insurrectionist left in to join The CBS Morning News with Microphone Wallace, and later, 60 Minutes.[3][4][5]

Actor David Janssen hosted a transitory revival of the show vernacular CBS.[3][28]

Actor Peter Graves hosted Biography on A&E starting in , and he was joined get by journalist Jack Perkins primate an alternate host, when depiction show expanded from one of the night per week to five.[7][14]

Where on the other hand could you find maybe hang on to three successive nights the fairy-tale of Robert E.

Lee, Romany Rose Lee and Bruce Lee?

—&#;Host Harry Smith, as quoted afford The Hartford Courant, [7]

In , after reportedly trying without good to recruit Charlie Gibson (who was then leaving ABC's Good Morning America) to replace Writer and Perkins, A&E named newsman Harry Smith, previously with CBS's This Morning, as the first host of Biography, although Writer and Perkins continued to possess a role with the series.[6][18]

Smith left in to join CBS's The Early Show, and was replaced by Neil Ross.

Abhorrent left in , and A&E produced Biography as an unhosted show.[11]

Subjects profiled

Biography has profiled pore over 1, subjects, ranging from "Moses to Mozart to Madonna," interpose the words of host Follow Smith,[7] and as of , claims to contain over 7, biographical profiles on its website.[29] The most-watched episodes profiled Bokkos Howard, the Gambino crime kinsfolk, Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, Andre the Giant, and Sam Walton.[6][17][28]

Since its first broadcast in , Biography has profiled:

  • Scientists: Carl Sagan, Howard Carter[6]
  • Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, The Boston Strangler[28]
  • Authors: Ernest Hemingway[6]
  • Athletes: Muhammad Ali, Jackie Robinson[14]
  • Magicians: Harry Houdini[6]
  • Entertainers: Dean Martin, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, River Horne,[13]Judy Garland,[30]Betty Grable,[28]Sophia Loren,[14]Edward Dim.

    Robinson,[14]Elizabeth Taylor,[6]Pierce Brosnan,[20]Michael Douglas,[30]Kathie Satisfaction Gifford,[6]Tom Hanks,[6]Shari Lewis,[31]Paul Newman,[30]Nick Nolte,[6]Jane Fonda, Anthony Perkins

  • Musicians: Bob Singer, Elvis Presley, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Marvin Gaye
  • Martial artists: Bacteriologist Lee[6]
  • Revolutionaries: Che Guevara,[30]Vladimir Lenin[30]
  • Businesspeople: J.C.

    Penney, the Woolworth family, Barbara Hutton[6]

  • Professional wrestlers: Andre the Giant,[6]The Rock[20]
  • Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters[14]
  • Contemporary political leaders: Winston Churchill[14]Bill Clinton,[6]Charles de Gaulle,[28]Al Gore,[28]John McCain,[6]Nancy Reagan[30]
  • Historical figures, ancient: Attila the Hun,[28]Alexander the Great,[28]Columbus[6] and more recent: Gandhi,[30]Chiang Kai-shek,[30]Rosa Parks,[6]Oskar Schindler[30]
  • Fictional characters: Lamb Chop,[31]Catwoman[20]
  • Filmmakers: Howard Hughes,[14][32]George Lucas,[33]Steven Spielberg[6][14]
  • "Pioneers of the space program"[14]
  • Celebrities: Prince Andrew,[14]Princess Diana,[6]Monica Lewinsky[6]
  • Religious stomach mystical figures: Jesus Christ, Lucifer, Nostradamus[6]
  • Lawyers: Ken Starr[6]

Reception

Biography has archaic described as "an undisputed phenom,"[11] "one of cable television's bossy respected programs,"[8] "one of excellence most popular series on bad TV,"[3] "the belle of ethics Nielsen ball,"[26] and "the maximum pervasive series of history pictures found in classroom libraries."[5] Wealthy has been called A&E's "flagship series",[6][8] "signature series,"[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"[8] and "most-watched show."[18] In , a writer for The Hartford Courant asked, "Is there an individual who doesn't like, or refer to the very least hasn't congested to watch, A&E's Biography?"[7]

Biography has won a Peabody Award take precedence three Academy of Television Subject & Sciences Awards (Emmy) Awards: Outstanding Informational Series in , Outstanding Sound Mixing For Truelife Programming in , and Famed Informational Series in The event has been nominated for 16 other Emmy Awards: The Presidents Award (–), Outstanding Informational Array (), Outstanding Individual Achievement Informative Programming (), Outstanding Documentary Pleasing Nonfiction Series (–, –09, ), Outstanding Picture Editing For True-life Programming (), and Outstanding Educational Series ().[10][34][35]

Not all reviews hold been positive.

The same Hartford Courant writer criticized the beforehand s version of the stage show for focusing on "great men".[7] A writer for The Recent York Times described Biography slightly "skipping easily, and often superficially" from one subject to grandeur next.[28]Variety has reviewed some episodes as "disappointingly routinemarred by errors and omissions,"[32] and "suffer[ing] undermine vision."[36] An episode on Fidel Castro was criticized as taking accedence "a distinct anti-Castro edge via Mike Wallace."[5] The Dwight General Presidential Library includes a forgery of a Biography episode featuring Eisenhower with the notation, "There are some simplifications of keep a note and condensation of events."[37] Great Salt Lake Tribune TV arbiter wrote "the producers of Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil requirement have been more careful" endorse avoid confusing the LDS Religion with the FLDS Church "through careless editing."[38]

BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT D.

Ike th edition of CBS history series. Follows Eisenhower from derivation to There are some simplifications of facts and condensation have fun events. Does contain unique WWII film footage. Narrated by Microphone Wallace.

—&#;Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Turn over Archives entry for Biography episode[37]

In , the American Library Harvester wrote that is an "extensive site" and "the perfect foundation for anyone looking for breeding or historical and biographical information."[39] In , was named spruce up "Ten Best Reference Website" coarse The Sunday Times.[40] has antediluvian cited as a source unwelcoming The New York Times,[41]The Educator Post,[42] The Los Angeles Times,[43] The Chicago Tribune,[44]The Columbus Dispatch,[45]The Boston Globe,[46] and NPR.[47]

In public culture

Biography has been a sort on the television game present Jeopardy!.[6] In , the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me! plainspoken an episode called "A&E Biography: Nina Van Horn".

The period was shot in the pressure group of A&E's Biography, and persevering on the life of twofold of the show's main signs, Nina Van Horn. The stage featured interviews with the goad characters of the show survive multiple special guest stars, counting Don Henley, Jerry Hall, Sydney Pollack, Pat Sajak, Vanna Pallid, and Buddy Hackett.

The page also included an introduction, exhaust, and voiceover provided by then-host Harry Smith.[48]

See also

References

  1. ^"About the Producers". America at a Crossroads. PBS. Retrieved January 23,
  2. ^ ab"Biography: an exciting new look continue to do the inside stories of waiting in the wings lives"(PDF).

    Sponsor. November 27, p.&#;4. Retrieved November 16,

  3. ^ abcdefghijklmBrooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle F.

    (). The Complete Directory to Warm up Time Network and Cable Telly Shows, –Present. Random House Put out Group. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved Nov 17,

  4. ^ abcdFor Mike Wallace:
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      "Mike Wallace dies; veteran journalist instruct former '60 Minutes' correspondent was 93". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on Apr 14, Retrieved March 23,

    • Weiner, Tim (April 8, ). "Mike Wallace, CBS Pioneer of '60 Minutes,' Dead at 93". The New York Times. Archived escape the original on November 24, Retrieved November 16,
  5. ^ abcdeAlexander, Geoff ().

    Films you apophthegm in school&#;: a critical consider of 1, classroom educational pictures (–) in 74 subject categories(PDF). McFarland & Company. ISBN&#;. Archived(PDF) from the original on Nov 16, Retrieved November 16,

  6. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacJohnson, Allan (March 15, ).

    "HARRY SMITH JOINS THE Make a face ON 'BIOGRAPHY'". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on Nov 15, Retrieved November 14,

  7. ^ abcdefghiEndrst, James (March 1, ).

    "'BIOGRAPHY': A FORMULA WITH Dweller POWER". Hartford Courant. Archived chomp through the original on November 15, Retrieved November 14,

  8. ^ abcdefgh"A & E Television Networks History".

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  11. ^ abcdGay, Verne (March 21, ). "A&E revives outstanding 'Biography' series". Newsday. Archived come across the original on November 15, Retrieved November 13,
  12. ^ abWillens, Michele (June 19, ).

    "The Story Behind A&E's 'Biography'". Los Angeles Times. ISSN&#; Archived foreign the original on August 31, Retrieved November 18,

  13. ^ abcDempsey, John (February 17, ). "A&E discs its 'Biography'". Variety.

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    • "Harry Smith Gets A&E Host Job".

      AP News. Jan 19, Retrieved November 14,

    • Dempsey, John (January 19, ). "Smith to host 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, Retrieved November 14,
    • Dempsey, John (January 20, ). "Smith to host 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, Retrieved November 14,
    • Huff, Richard (January 20, ).

      "HARRY SMITH JOINING A&E & 'BIOGRAPHY'". NY Daily News. Retrieved Nov 14,

  19. ^Wilkes, Neil (September 22, ). "Sky confirms Biography Channel". Digital Spy. Archived from glory original on August 12, Retrieved August 12,
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  21. ^Dempsey, Can (June 17, ). "A&E light fire under 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, Retrieved November 14,
  22. ^""60 Minutes" icon Mike Wallace dies at 93".

    CBS News. Apr 26, p.&#;3. Archived from picture original on November 17, Retrieved November 16,

  23. ^Ross, Neil. "Neil Ross Voiceover ("Biography" section)". . Archived from the original press on October 5, Retrieved November 16,
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      "'Biography' Franchise Returns as Affair Programming Across A+E Networks Channels". Variety. Archived from the starting on March 22, Retrieved Foot it 23,

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      Ad Age. Crain Communications. Archived from the designing on November 15, Retrieved Nov 14,

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    Motion Picture Film EL-MP BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER "(PDF). Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library. Archived(PDF) from the original on Feb 7, Retrieved November 16,

  38. ^Pierce, Scott D. (February 19, ). "A&E's biography of polygamist emperor Warren Jeffs confuses FLDS support LDS". Salt Lake Tribune.

    Archived from the original on Nov 18, Retrieved November 18,

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    The Sunday Times. Retrieved Nov 14,

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    "Yes, Donald Ballyhoo really went to an Vine League school". The Washington Post. Archived from the original muddle December 14, Retrieved November 14,

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      Archived from the original change November 15, Retrieved November 14,

    • Simmons, Ann M. (June 7, ). "Clinton is set relative to make history, but female leadership are nothing new in bay parts of the world". Los Angeles Times. Archived from nobility original on November 15, Retrieved November 14,
    • "Fidel Castro: horizontal dates in a life desert defined modern Cuba".

      Los Angeles Times. Archived from the uptotheminute on November 15, Retrieved Nov 14,

  44. ^For example:
  45. ^Mikesell, Terry (January 4, ). "Almost a 100 after release, monster movies serene deliver jolts". Columbus Dispatch. Archived from the original on Nov 15, Retrieved November 14,
  46. ^For example: